27L. Fundamentals of Electrical and Computer Engineering. How to use electrical devices and systems to interface with the physical world, transfer/transmit energy/information, extract/analyze/interpret information, and organize and store information. Topics include techniques for analyzing linear circuits, nodal and mesh analysis, energy storage, semiconductor and photonic devices, frequency representation, filtering, sampling, communications protocols, combinational and sequential logic, design concepts, and project management. In the laboratory, a robotic platform is used to design and implement solutions to realistic challenges. Prerequisites: Engineering 53L. Corequisites: Math 32. Instructor: Gustafson, Huettel, Kim, or Ybarra. One course.

51L. Introduction to Microelectronic Devices and Circuits. Hands-on, laboratory driven introduction to microelectronic devices, sensors, and integrated circuits. Student teams of 3-4 students/team compete in a design, assembly, testing, characterization and simulation of an electronic system. Projects include microelectronic devices, sensors, and basic analog and digital circuits. Classroom portion designed to answer questions generated in laboratory about understanding operation of devices and sensors, and the performance of electronic circuits. Student evaluation based on project specification, prototyping, integration, testing, simulation and documentation. Prerequisites: Engineering 53L, and either Electrical and Computer Engineering 27L or Biomedical Engineering 153L. Instructor: Brooke or Massoud. One course.

52L. Introduction to Digital Systems. Techniques for the analysis and design of combinational and sequential networks via manual and automated methods. Introduction to hardware description languages. Introduction to simple computer systems, including their lower-level architecture, assembly language programming, and computer arithmetic. Lab stresses simulation of target circuits and physical realization with both discrete and high-complexity programmable components. Final design project. Prerequisite: Engineering 53L, and either Electrical and Computer Engineering 27L or Biomedical Engineering 153L. Instructor: Board, Dwyer, or Sorin. One course.

53L. Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields. Fundamentals and application of transmission lines and electromagnetic fields and waves, antennas, field sensing, and signal transmission. Transmission line transients and digital signal transmission; transmission lines in sinusoidal steady state, impedance transformation, and impedance matching; electrostatics and magnetostatics, including capacitance and inductance; electromagnetic waves in uniform media and their interaction with interfaces; antennas and antenna arrays. Alternating laboratories and recitations. Laboratory experiments include transmission line transients, impedance matching, static and dynamic electromagnetic fields, and antennas. Prerequisites: Engineering 53L, Mathematics 107 and either Electrical and Computer Engineering 27L or Biomedical Engineering 153L. Instructor: Carin, Cummer, Joines, Liu, or Smith. One course.

54L. Introduction to Signals and Systems. Continuous and discrete signal representation and classification; system classification and response; transfer functions. Fourier series; Fourier, Laplace, and z transforms. Applications to Integrated Sensing and Information Processing; networks, modulation, sampling, filtering, and digital signal processing. Laboratory projects using digital signal processing hardware and microcontrollers. Computational solutions of problems using Matlab and Maple. Prerequisite: Engineering 53L, and either Electrical and Computer Engineering 27L or Biomedical Engineering 153L. Instructor: Collins, Gustafson, or Huettel. One course. 122. Modern Optics I. NS One course. C-L: see Physics 185; also C-L: Visual Studies 123A

123. Photonic and Electronic Design Projects. Photonic and electronic design problems obtained from industry are solved by teams of students. Required student response includes: formulation and written presentation of proposed problem solution, execution and evaluation of approved design solution, and written and oral presentation of final design performance, all for faculty review. Completed design must consider cost, performance, manufacturability. Students must address design solution impact on: environment, health, safety, society, and public policy as appropriate. Ethical issues as well as proper handling of intellectual property are discussed and used to guide the design process. Prerequisites: Electrical and Computer Engineering 163L and Electrical and Computer Engineering 122. Instructor: Guenther. One course.

135. Opto-Electronic Design Projects. Teams of students design an opto-electronic board-level system to a published specification. The system is built, tested, and compared to the design specifications. Optical, analog, digital, and radio frequency (RF) components are used to complete the projects. Group tasks include resource planning and management using GANTT charts, project budgeting, estimating product Bill of Materials costs, background study of the standard specification and component characteristics, testing of an evaluation board, interaction with component vendors, design of the team's board, submission of that design to a quick-turnaround board fabrication foundry, assembly of the purchased components onto the fabricated board, and board-level system test. The opto-electric board design incorporates considerations such as cost, economic viability, environmental impact, ethical issues, manufacturability, and social and political impact. Prerequisite: Electrical and Computer Engineering 163L and Junior or Senior standing in ECE or EE. Instructor: Brooke, Jokerst. One course. C-L: Visual Studies 113A

141. Linear Control Systems. Analysis and design of feedback control systems. Block diagram and signal flow graph system models. Servomechanism characteristics, steady-state errors, sensitivity to parameter variations and disturbance signals. Time domain performance specifications. Stability. Root locus, Nyquist, and Bode analysis; design of compensation circuits; closed loop frequency response determination. Introduction to time domain analysis and design. Prerequisite: Electrical and Computer Engineering 54L or consent of instructor. Instructor: Gustafson. One course.

142. Introduction to Robotics and Automation. Fundamental notions in robotics, basic configurations of manipulator arm design, coordinate transformations, control functions, and robot programming. Applications of artificial intelligence, machine vision, force/torque, touch and other sensory subsystems. Design for automatic assembly concepts, tools, and techniques. Application of automated and robotic assembly costs, benefits, and economic justification. Selected laboratory and programming assignments. Prerequisites: Electrical and Computer Engineering 54L. Instructor: Janet. One course. C-L: Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science 142, Information Science and Information Studies

148L. Electrical Energy Systems. Electrical systems including energy distribution, static, linear, and rotary energy conversion, and control functions, linear and discrete, for energy conversion. DC and steady-state AC circuits. Transmission lines for distribution and signal transfer. Studies of static transformers, linear transducers, and rotary machines. Control theory applied to system operation. Laboratory. Prerequisites: Physics 62L and Mathematics 107. Instructor: George. One course.

149. Electric Vehicle Project. The study of electrical components found in and the construction of an electric vehicle. Traction motors, controllers, and chargers, batteries, and metering. Project portion includes building of needed electrical devices and wiring of traction, control, lighting, and other components along with construction of adapters and devices necessary for the conversion of a vehicle to electric drive. Prerequisite: Physics 62L or Electrical and Computer Engineering 27L. Instructor: George. Also taught as ME 149. One course. C-L: Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science 149

152. Introduction to Computer Architecture. Architecture and organization of digital computer systems. Processor operation, computer arithmetic, instruction set design. Assembly language programming. Selected hardware and software exercises culminating in the design, simulation, and implementation in FPGA technology of the major components of a complete computer system. Not open to students who have taken Computer Science 104. Prerequisite: Electrical and Computer Engineering 52L. Instructor: Board or Sorin. One course. C-L: Information Science and Information Studies

153. Introduction to Operating Systems. Basic concepts and principles of multiprogrammed operating systems. Processes, interprocess communication, CPU scheduling, mutual exclusion, deadlocks, memory management, I/O devices, file systems, protection mechanisms. Also taught as Computer Science 110. Prerequisites: Computer Science 100 and 104. Instructor: Chase or Ellis. One course.

154. Introduction to Embedded Systems. An introduction to hardware/software codesign of embedded computer systems. Structured programming techniques for high and low level programs. Hardware interfacing strategies for sensors, actuators, and displays. Detailed study of Motorola 68HC11 and 68HC12 microcomputers as applied to embedded system development. Hardware and simulation laboratory exercises with 68HC11 and 68HC12 development boards. Major design project. Prerequisite: Electrical and Computer Engineering 152 or equivalent and consent of instructor. Instructor: Board. One course.

156. Computer Network Architecture. The architecture of computer communication networks and the hardware and software required to implement the protocols that define the architecture. Basic communication theory, transmission technology, private and common carrier facilities. International standards. Satellite communications and local area networks. Performance analysis and modeling of communication networks. Prerequisite: Electrical and Computer Engineering 52L. Instructor: Chakrabarty. One course. C-L: Information Science and Information Studies

157. Computer Network Analysis and Design. Graph representation of networks. Network design problems as graph optimization problems; related graph algorithms. Elementary queuing models and formulae. Network performance issues. Modern high-speed computer-communication networks. Packet switching. Network protocols. Broadband integrated services networks (B-ISDN) and the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). Network admission and congestion controls. Instructor: Staff. One course. C-L: Information Science and Information Studies

158. Web Technologies. Introduction to the programming languages, authoring tools, and other technologies needed to design and implement effective sites on the World Wide Web. Topics include HTML, Javascript, cgi-bin, multimedia, and security. Students lead many class sessions; course project is to design or redesign a web site of interest to the Duke or Durham communities. Pass/fail grading only. Prerequisite: knowledge of at least one programming language at level of Computer Science 1. Instructor: Board. Half course. C-L: Information Science and Information Studies

159. Discrete Mathematics. Mathematics as applied to finite and infinite collections of discrete objects, including techniques for solving engineering problems involving finite and infinite sets, permutations and combinations of elements, discrete numeric functions, finite and infinite sums. Mathematical methods needed to tackle real-world problems in computer engineering, applied mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Instructor: Staff. One course.

162. Fundamentals of Microelectronic Devices. Fundamentals of semiconductor physics and modeling (semiconductor doping technology, carrier concentrations, carrier transport by drift and diffusion, temperature effects, semiconductor device models). Principles of semiconductor device analysis (current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics). Static and dynamic operation of semiconductor contacts, PN junction diodes, MOS capacitors, MOS field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), and bipolar-junction transistors (BJTs). SPICE models and parameter extraction. Prerequisite: Electrical and Computer Engineering 51L. Instructor: Massoud. One course.

163L. Introduction to Electronics: Integrated Circuits. Analysis and design of electronic circuits in bipolar and MOS technologies, with emphasis on both large-signal and small-signal methods. Circuits for logic gates, latches, and memories. Single-stage and multistage amplifiers and op amps. Circuits with feedback, including stability and frequency response considerations. Analog and mixed analog/digital circuit applications. Extensive use of SPICE for circuit simulation. Prerequisite: Electrical and Computer Engineering 51L. Instructor: Derby, Dwyer, or Fair. One course.

164L. Electronic Design Projects. Electronics/photonics project laboratory in which multidisciplinary teams of students build and test custom designed circuits or electronic/photonic systems. Students gain experience in the design/build/test/demonstrate process. Requirements include: a design plan incorporating engineering standards and realistic constraints, a timeline indicating project milestones, a written project report, and oral presentations to the class. The completed design must consider most of the following: cost, environmental impact, manufacturability, ethics, health and safety, social and political impact. Prerequisites: Electrical and Computer Engineering 163L (or Biomedical Engineering 154L with consent of instructor) and at least one of 52L, 141 or 180. Instructor: Brooke, George, Jokerst, Ybarra. One course.

171. Applications of Electromagnetic Fields and Waves. Solution techniques applied to static and dynamic field problems. Discussions and example applications include the following topics: waves and transmission lines, waveguides and resonators, antennas and radiation, and electromagnetic forces and energy. Prerequisite: Electrical and Computer Engineering 53L. Instructor: Carin or Joines. One course.

176. Thermal Physics. Thermal properties of matter treated using the basic concepts of entropy, temperature, chemical potential, partition function, and free energy. Topics include the laws of thermodynamics, ideal gases, thermal radiation and electrical noise, heat engines, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distributions, semiconductor statistics, kinetic theory, and phase transformations. Also taught as Physics 176. Prerequisites: Mathematics 103 or equivalent and Physics 51L, 62L or equivalent. Instructor: Staff. One course.

180. Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing. An introduction to theory and applications of digital signal processing. Concepts, analytical tools and design techniques to process signals in digital form. Signal sampling and reconstruction, discrete-time transforms including the z-transform, discrete-time Fourier transform, and discrete Fourier transform. Discrete systems including the analysis and design of FIR and IIR filters. Introduction to applications of digital signal processing such as image processing, and optimal detection of signals in noise. Discrete system simulations using MATLAB. Prerequisite: Electrical and Computer Engineering 54L and Statistics 113 or Mathematics 135 or Electrical and Computer Engineering 255 or permission of instructor. Instructor: Huettel or Nolte. One course.

184. Introduction to Digital Communication Systems. Introduction to the design and analysis of modern digital communication systems. Communication channel characterization. Baseband and passband modulation techniques. Optimal demodulation techniques with performance comparisons. Key information-theoretic concepts including entropy and channel capacity. Channel-coding techniques based on block, convolutional and Trellis codes. Equalization techniques. Applications to design of digital telephone modems, compact discs and digital wireless communication systems. Prerequisite: Electrical and Computer Engineering 54L and Statistics 113 or equivalent. Instructor: Krolik. One course.

186. Wireless Communication Systems. Analog and digital cellular radio. Techniques for increasing capacity including cell division, multiple access techniques (TDMA, CDMA), speech compression, and discontinuous transmission. Direct sequence and frequency hopped spread spectrum systems. Radiowave propagation models. Intelligent antenna systems. Traffic considerations for cellular radio. Packet switched data access to the Internet and information services via wireless modems. Prerequisite: Mathematics 135 or Statistics 113. Corequisite: Electrical and Computer Engineering 184. Instructor: Ybarra. One course.

189. Digital Image and Multidimensional Processing. Introduction to the theory and methods of digital image and video sampling, denoising, coding, reconstruction, and analysis. Both linear methods (such as 2- and 3-D Fourier analysis) and non-linear methods (such as wavelet analysis). Key topics include segmentation, interpolation, registration, noise removal, edge enhancement, halftoning and inverse halftoning, deblurring, tomographic reconstruction, superresolution, compression, and feature extraction. While this course covers techniques used in a wide variety of contexts, it places a strong emphasis on medical imaging applications. Prerequisites: Electrical and Computer Engineering 54L and Statistics 113 or Mathematics 135 or Electrical and Computer Engineering 255 or permission of instructor. Instructor: Willett. One course. C-L: Visual Studies 113B, Information Science and Information Studies

191. Undergraduate Research in Electrical and Computer Engineering. For juniors only. Half course or one course each. Instructor: Staff. Variable credit.

192. Undergraduate Research in Electrical and Computer Engineering. For juniors only. Half course or one course each. Instructor: Staff. Variable credit.

193. Undergraduate Research in Electrical and Computer Engineering. For seniors only. Half course or one course each. Instructor: Staff. Variable credit.

194. Undergraduate Research in Electrical and Computer Engineering. For seniors only. Half course or one course each. Instructor: Staff. Variable credit. 195. Special Topics in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Study of selected topics in electrical engineering tailored to fit the requirements of a small group. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required. Half course or one course each. Instructor: Staff. Variable credit.

196. Special Topics in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Study of selected topics in electrical engineering tailored to fit the requirements of a small group. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required. Half course or one course each. Instructor: Staff. Variable credit.

197. Projects in Electrical and Computer Engineering. A course which may be undertaken only by seniors who are enrolled in the graduation with distinction program or who show special aptitude for individual project work. Elective for electrical and computer engineering majors. Consent of director of undergraduate studies required. Half course to two courses each. Instructor: Staff. Variable credit.

198. Projects in Electrical and Computer Engineering. A course which may be undertaken only by seniors who are enrolled in the graduation with distinction program or who show special aptitude for individual project work. Elective for electrical engineering majors. Consent of director of undergraduate studies required. Half course to two courses each. Instructor: Staff. Variable credit.